Ending Patent Monopoly: J&J Relinquishes Control Over Key TB Drug

J&J Announces Decision to Stop Enforcing Secondary J&J Patents for Bedaquiline

After years of pressure from TB activists and countries with high burdens of drug resistant TB, J&J agreed to not enforce secondary patents for the key new TB drug bedaquiline. The company’s primary patent for the medicine expires this year.

The agreement should enable generic versions of the lifesaving TB drug to enter low and middle-income countries. However, there is much more to do.

Patents for Stelara

J&J’s Stelara (ustekinumab) is poised to face its first biosimilar competition this fall as the originator drug’s patents expire. But it could be a long road for ustekinumab rivals.

In its complaint against Momenta, J&J claims that the generics maker’s manufacturing process infringes two patents relating to the cell culture processes used to make monoclonal antibodies like Stelara. The company argues that these patents, which were granted years after the approval of the original drug, provide monopoly protection for the product.

But in an order passed Thursday, the Indian Patent Office dismissed J&J’s patent extensions, saying that the method of preparing water-soluble compounds through salt formation was not a new invention and thus not patentable under Section 3(d) of the Patent Act. Moreover, the method is well-known to pharmaceutical manufacturers and is also cited in textbooks on pharmacy. The decision paves the way for unfettered access to generic Bedaquiline for people suffering from TB in low- and middle-income countries.

Patents for Bedaquiline

After mounting pressure from global health advocates, J&J has agreed to stop enforcing its patents on the life-saving tuberculosis (TB) medicine bedaquiline in 134 low- and middle-income countries. The move will help reduce costs and expand access to the medicine, which is a key part of treatment for drug resistant TB (MDR-TB).

The agreement was spurred by public outcry over high prices for the drug, which is included in WHO’s model list of essential medicines. The company’s decision not to enforce the secondary patents on bedaquiline in low- and middle-income countries will allow generic manufacturers to produce and sell the drug at a much more affordable price.

But critics say the agreement falls short of what is needed to end the world’s worst infectious disease crisis. They want Japanese pharma giant Otsuka to follow suit with its other critical new TB drug Delamanid and end its use of “patent evergreening” to extend monopoly rights over publicly funded innovations.

Patents for Nipocalimab

Nipocalimab is being studied for a range of autoantibody-driven rare conditions, including Sjogren’s syndrome and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It’s a top reason J&J spent $6.5 billion to buy the drug’s developer, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, in 2020. The New Brunswick, NJ-based company rakes in $18 million every day that it holds exclusive rights to the psoriasis drug in the U.S. Each additional day that it can keep Stelara’s patent protection is a boon to its long-term goals for above-market growth.

Momenta’s core patents involve manufacturing methods that control chemical changes to antibody-based drugs such as Stelara and others in its portfolio. When it bought Momenta, J&J acquired these patents as well as the drug’s clinical and pre-clinical pipeline. It’s a strategy that critics of Big Pharma claim chills competition and drives up health care costs. J&J is asserting these patents in a legal battle with Amgen, which wants to market a biosimilar version of Stelara.

Patents for Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is an excellent anti-inflammatory that can be used to treat various conditions. Its benefits are widespread, ranging from allergies to brain swelling and tuberculosis. It also treats autoimmune diseases and lung conditions. Its versatility prompted the World Health Organization to include it in its Model List of Essential Medicines. It has twenty-two patents that protect it.

One embodiment of the invention provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical granulation of dexamethasone. The method comprises combining the compound with water and a viscosity-building excipient to form a spray solution. The spray solution is then sprayed onto base ingredients to form a granulation. The resulting granulation is then compressed into a tablet dosage form.

A sustained campaign targeting J&J by groups such as Partners in Health and Doctors Without Borders finally gained momentum this summer when novelist and social media influencer John Green released a video criticizing the company for placing untold numbers of patients at risk. The campaign forced the company to announce that it would not enforce its secondary patents in low- and middle-income countries for the critical new TB drug Bedaquiline and other drugs like dexamethasone.

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Enhancing the Online Football Streaming Experience

Finding the Best 해외축구중계 Experience Online

For hardcore football fans around the globe, staying up-to-date with the latest matches is a must. Regardless of where you are, having access to 해외축구중계 (overseas football broadcasts) ensures you never miss a goal, a penalty, or a moment of magic from your favorite team. But what makes an online football streaming service truly stand out?

The best 해외축구중계 platforms provide more than just live coverage; they offer an immersive experience that captures the electric atmosphere of the stadium. Imagine watching a game with crystal-clear resolution and without any lag, as if you’re seated in the front row. User-friendly interfaces allow you to navigate through different matches easily, and notifications keep you informed of upcoming games so you’re always prepared for the kickoff.

It’s crucial to select a platform that values the user experience above everything else. Fast loading times, minimal buffering, and reliable connectivity are the hallmarks of a premium streaming service. Some platforms even offer multi-language commentary options, which cater to an international audience ensuring a personalized experience for viewers around the world.

But what truly enriches the 해외축구중계 experience are the additional features – detailed match statistics, replays of crucial moments, and expert analysis. These aspects bring viewers closer to the action, offering insights into the strategies and techniques employed on the pitch.

Engagement with other fans is another element that can enhance your viewing experience. A top-tier streaming service might provide chat rooms or forums, allowing you to discuss the match in real-time with fellow enthusiasts. This social aspect can recreate the camaraderie found in the stands of a football stadium, bridging the distance between fans worldwide.

As you wind down from the adrenaline of the match, a great football broadcast platform provides post-match analysis and discussions. It’s essential to review the game’s key events and understand the implications of the result on league standings or tournament progression.

Now, let’s address a few questions you might have about 해외축구중계 services.

**FAQs:**

1. **How can I access 해외축구중계 without interruptions?**
Use a reliable internet connection and choose a well-reviewed streaming service designed for football broadcasts to minimize disruptions.

2. **Are these streaming services available in different languages?**
Yes, many streaming platforms offer multiple language options for commentary and navigation.

3. **Can I watch these games on my mobile device?**
Most streaming services are optimized for various devices, including smartphones and tablets.

4. **Will I be updated with live scores if I can’t watch the game?**
The best football streaming platforms offer live score updates and notifications.

5. **Is it possible to find free 해외축구중계 services online?**
Certain platforms may offer free streaming, but it’s important to use legitimate services to avoid issues with quality and legality.

Watching 해외축구중계 should be about enjoyment, ease, and accessibility, encapsulating the passion of the sport. By choosing the right streaming service, you can ensure an unparalleled football experience. Remember, when in doubt, seek out the platform that offers a harmonious blend of technology, variety, and the fervent spirit of football. For all football enthusiasts aiming to stay connected, check out 해외축구중계 and be part of the global community that lives and breathes the beautiful game.

Elon Musk’s Patent Portfolio: A PR Stunt or Secret Strategy?

How Many Patents Does Elon Musk Have?

Elon Musk is a self-made billionaire who co-founded and leads companies like Tesla, SpaceX, Hyperloop, The Boring Company, and Neuralink. The world’s richest man has been vocal about his dislike of patents.

During a tour of SpaceX’s Starbase facility in Texas, Musk told Jay Leno that “patents are for the weak” and that his company does not use them. Is he being honest?

Patents

Elon Musk is an entrepreneur who leads companies that develop and manufacture electric cars, renewable energy, and space exploration. He has been awarded many patents related to his work, but he does not own all of them. He prefers to focus on the results of his projects rather than taking credit for them himself.

For example, he patented an idea that allows people to automatically search for businesses near them. This is a process similar to what Google and other search engines currently use. He also owns a number of design patents that relate to the artistic style of his products.

In 2014, Musk proposed an unusual policy for his company, pledging to release Tesla’s patents and not sue anyone who used them in good faith. His goal was to promote the development of electric vehicles. This is an uncommon move for a tech CEO, but it shows that Musk believes that patents stifle innovation.

Patent Applications

In a recent interview with Jay Leno, Elon Musk remarked that patents “are for the weak” and said that he thinks patents “don’t actually help advance things, they just stop people from following you.” It’s hard to tell if the billionaire really believes what he’s saying or if he’s just trying to gain a lot of political goodwill during a time when federal policy is very anti-patent.

Even so, his company Tesla still seeks patent protection for inventions. And, in fact, the latest patent application piqued the interest of tech media outlets relates to a robotic system for replacing batteries within electric vehicles.

In the past, Musk has opened up his own company’s patents in an effort to foster a market for long-range electric vehicles. So, it’s worth keeping an eye on his development work in the coming years to see if rival automakers follow suit and begin delivering truly long-range electric cars.

Inventions

When most people think of Elon Musk, they immediately think of Tesla, the electric car company he co-founded. However, the 51-year-old entrepreneur has invented a wide variety of technology that goes well beyond cars.

Musk’s first Internet software invention was Global Link Information Network (Zip2), a Web application that helped newspapers put together online city guides for users. The application included maps and directions, similar to what Yelp or Google Maps do today.

Musk has also patented an interactive search device that could produce results based on a user’s location, which is another common feature of modern Internet applications. He is also working with Neuralink to develop a brain chip that will enable human-computer symbiosis and treat neurological conditions like paralysis. The self-made billionaire’s goal is to create “a FitBit in your skull.” He also wants to use the chip to treat blindness and restore full functionality for people with severed spinal cords. His work in the fields of reusable rockets, renewable energy, and electric cars has garnered much attention from the media and public alike.

Patent Portfolio

While he may be quick to dismiss the value of patents, Musk’s patent portfolio tells a different story. His willingness to open Tesla’s patent wallet is, for the most part, a PR stunt designed to garner more attention and support for his electric vehicle (EV) company.

Rather than patents, which promote progress by allowing the public to use an invention while protecting the inventor’s right to make, sell and import it without infringing, huge multinational corporations like Tesla value trade secrets. By protecting their inventions as trade secrets, they can prevent other companies from improving, combining or inventing around them.

Nonetheless, even though the opening of Tesla’s patents will not benefit any other EV companies in terms of direct technology sharing, it will likely help Tesla break through on the political front by getting permission to sell cars directly in states such as Texas that require all EVs to be manufactured locally. This will help the EV market overall.

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Incarceration, Activism, and Influence: The Life of Malcolm X

Malcolm X Patents the Right to Read

Malcolm X spent most of his adult life in prison, and to pass the time he read voraciously. During his incarceration he joined the Nation of Islam, an organization that promoted Black separatism and embraced Garveyism and other sources of 19th century and 20th century black nationalism.

After separating from Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm rethought his beliefs and made speeches urging Black voters to participate in democracy. He also began to see civil rights as a global issue.

Legal Issues

Taking his cues from the Nation of Islam, which echoed 19th-century Garveyism and Black nationalism, Malcolm urged Black people to take control of their lives through social activism. In doing so, he distanced himself from both white America and Christianity, which, to him, he saw as sources of oppression.

During this period, the FBI strove to keep tabs on him and his activities. They hired Black people to pose as members of the Nation and placed bugs, wiretaps and cameras around his organization.

In the spring of 1946, after being kicked out of West Junior High School in Lansing and spending time in a juvenile detention home, Malcolm began his career on the streets, earning money as a shoe shiner, drug dealer, gambler and burglar. He also formed relationships with other activists. In this era, many Black families chose to live in white neighborhoods. As a result, they faced harassment by local authorities and racist groups.

Licensing

Malcolm X is one of the most influential and inspirational people in history. His life story is a lesson in overcoming adversity, perseverance and the pursuit of truth. His words and deeds inspire many, especially Black prisoners incarcerated today. His autobiography is widely used in prisons and serves as a reminder to strive for excellence and to never give up on your dreams.

Malcolm was born into a family of Marcus Garvey adherents in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents moved to white neighborhoods where they were the only African Americans, and were frequently harassed by white supremacists.

After graduating from high school, he became involved in petty criminal activities such as running bets and hustling on the streets. During this time, his nickname was Detroit Red due to the reddish tint in his hair. Eventually, he left the Nation of Islam and established his own Islamic organization. He also expanded his views on civil rights to include human rights.

Branding

After being kicked out of West Junior High School in Lansing, Michigan, Malcolm worked odd jobs on railroads, in a bar and a shoe shine stand, and became a street hustler and petty criminal. He was nicknamed “Detroit Red” for the reddish tinge of his hair. His mother collapsed under the weight of caring for her children and was committed to an insane asylum.

In 1946, while incarcerated for burglary, Malcolm joined the Nation of Islam, a Black Muslim organization led by Elijah Muhammad. He dropped his last name Little and took the name X, and quickly rose through the ranks of the NOI.

He advocated for black self-reliance and regularly excoriated white people, whom he called blue-eyed devils. He also preached a form of Islam that was a synthesis of 19th century Garveyism and 20th century Black nationalism. This file series includes correspondence and typed articles by Abdul Naeem, a go-between for Muhammad and the orthodox Islamic world, as well as newspaper clippings and publicity material, including a Spanish-language flyer advertising a talk by Malcolm in Philadelphia.

Marketing

A petty criminal at age 15, Malcolm dropped out of school after an eighth grade teacher told him that one of life’s first lessons is “be realistic.” He started peddling reefers and working night shifts as a dishwasher in a Boston speakeasy known as Small’s Paradise. During this time he also read extensively, using prison resources to further his education.

In prison, Malcolm became acquainted with the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and converted to Islam. He spoke out against systemic oppression and argued for a world separate from the one inhabited by white people.

His political activism catapulted him into the national spotlight. He began to travel widely, giving lectures on college campuses and appearing on television and radio. This activity attracted the attention of the FBI, who infiltrated many of the Nation of Islam organizations to which he belonged. The agency lobbied him to change his approach from strict Black separatism to a more humanistic form of fighting oppression.

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The Thrilling World of 토토사이트: A Digital Journey into Korean Sports Betting.

Venturing into the digital expanse, one often stumbles upon a landscape dotted with gaming odysseys—a realm where thrill-seekers convene to test fate and fortune. Enter the pulsating universe of 토토사이트, the Korean sphere for sports enthusiasts eager to add an extra dimension to their viewing experience.

Imagine yourself watching a breath-taking soccer match, feeling the electric charge of the stadium seeping through the screen. You’re not just a spectator; you’re an active participant, invested in every pass, every goal, every strategic maneuver. This is the vitality that 토토사이트 injects into every encounter, making each game a personal journey of anticipation and adrenaline.

Korean sports betting isn’t merely a game of chance; it’s a cerebral dance. Every wager is a declaration of confidence in one’s insight into the sport. As players navigate the robust landscape of 토토사이트, they relish in the camaraderie and competition that echoes through the online corridors.

To the uninitiated, the maze of odds and stakes could be daunting, yet therein lies the charm. Sports betting sites aren’t just casinos of circumstance; they’re dojos of discipline where the astute can wield knowledge like a finely-honed blade. Understanding player statistics, team dynamics, and the vagaries of sports seasons becomes second nature to the seasoned bettor.

Convergence is the name of the game. With mobile technology, your next wager is always at your fingertips. Whether basking in the tranquility of home or bustling through the throbs of the city, participation is uninterrupted. 토토사이트 blossoms, offering a nexus between the digital and the real, syncing heartbeats to the rhythm of games played oceans away.

Authenticity and safety are the pillars of the 토토사이트 experience. Each portal is a gateway to a guarded arena where fair play is the minimum stake. Trust is the currency as much as won, and credibility is not just claimed; it is earned.

As we crest to the conclusion of this exploration, it’s evident that 토토사이트 isn’t merely a platform; it’s a cultural phenomenon, marrying the quintessence of sports with the allure of chance. In this world, every goal scored is more than a number on the scoreboard; it’s a victory lap for the shrewd who had the foresight to predict it.

FAQs:

1. What is 토토사이트?
토토사이트 is a Korean online sports betting platform where individuals can engage in wagering on the outcomes of various sports events.

2. How does one participate in 토토사이트 betting?
To place bets via 토토사이트, participants must register on a reputable betting site, understand the betting odds and procedures, and have a strategy for their wagers.

3. Is sports betting legal in Korea?
Sports betting is legal in Korea, but it’s regulated by the government, and there are only a few licensed operators. International 토토사이트 fall under different jurisdictions.

4. Can international users participate in 토토사이트 betting?
Yes, international users can participate through licensed international sports betting sites that offer services to Korean players.

5. What types of sports can be bet on 토토사이트?
토토사이트 covers a range of sports like soccer, baseball, basketball, and more, allowing bettors to wager on their favorite sports events.

Changing the Spanish patent landscape with expert advice and high-quality work

ZBM Patents & Trademarks

ZBM Patents & Trademarks was founded in 2003 with the goal of changing the patent landscape in Spain. The firm is proud to have decisively contributed to setting the new standard for quality patent practice in the country.

ZBM’s unfaltering commitment to quality has been recognised nationally and internationally; Managing Intellectual Property lists the firm in its top-tier for patent prosecution every year since 2007. The firm’s attorneys take an in-depth understanding of clients’ technologies and business needs.

Patents

ZBM’s patent practice is driven by an unflinching commitment to quality. Its attorneys believe that something is not worth doing if it cannot be done well. Whether conducting searches, drafting European and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications or prosecuting them through national phases in Europe or Spain, their work products are cross-checked and of consistently high quality.

The firm has an excellent team with scientific backgrounds in all areas of technology, from life sciences to chemistry, electronics, software and mechanics. They acquire an in-depth understanding of clients’ technologies and endeavour to provide tailored advice taking into account their individual business needs.

The BConnect unit created a few years ago offers services in technology transfer and innovation, such as licensees search, support in ongoing licensing negotiations, contract draft (consortium agreements, confidentiality, material transfer agreement (MTA), licensing), or support and collaboration in R&D projects. It has become a valuable resource for clients seeking to exploit their IP assets and generate value.

Trademarks

ZBM’s trademark work is growing in volume and covers all aspects of IP protection, including prosecution, oppositions and negotiations (with particular focus on Europe, Latin America and China). The firm also handles designs, trade secrets and domain names.

ZBM has an impressive team of patent experts, with scientific backgrounds covering the whole spectrum from life sciences to chemistry, electronics, software and mechanics. These experts have an in-depth understanding of their clients’ technologies and business needs, which allows them to deliver bespoke advice.

This commitment to quality has been recognised by Managing Intellectual Property, which has listed ZBM in the top tier of patent law firms in Spain every year since 2007. Client recommendations have become the main source of growth for the firm, as small and medium-sized enterprises, multinationals, research institutions and patent firms increasingly turn to them from Europe, Latin America and Asia.

Copyrights

Founded in 2003, ZBM has decisively changed the patent landscape in Spain. Its group of highly diverse attorneys has an in-depth understanding of clients’ technologies and business needs, and is devoted to providing services that create value for them.

Patent drafting – preparing European and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications, and national phases in both Europe and Spain; infringement and validity analysis (patentability and freedom-to-operate studies), based on expert knowledge and extensive experience as former patent examiners, Chemical Abstracts Service and STN International trainers and managers of scientific information departments in pharmaceutical companies.

ZBM collects your personal information to operate its website(s) and deliver the services you have requested. It also uses your information to inform you of other products and services available from ZBM and its affiliates.

You agree to indemnify and hold ZBM, its officers, directors, employees and agents harmless from and against any losses, costs, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) arising out of or related to your use of the site or services. Any arbitration under this agreement will take place on an individual basis; class, collective and/or representative actions are not permitted.

Unfair Competition

A trademark can be a word, symbol or device (or a combination of them) used exclusively to identify the source of products and distinguish them from other goods. Examples include Nikon cameras and Chevrolet automobiles. Service marks are similar to trademarks, except that they identify a business rather than a product or service.

ZBM Patents & Trademarks was founded in 2003 with the aim of changing the landscape of patent law in Spain and now ranks among top-tier European patent firms. Its team of expert attorneys acquire an in-depth understanding of clients’ technologies and strive to provide tailored advice, taking into account their business needs. Its unfaltering commitment to quality has been recognised nationally and internationally from the very beginning. All work products – whether patent searches, drafting of European or PCT applications, prosecution work, oppositions or trademark negotiations – are cross-checked and reviewed to ensure that they meet the firm’s high standards. This is how ZBM guarantees the consistent high quality of its work.

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